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Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone Marrow Transplant

This treatment is used in the treatment of blood and immune system diseases such as lymphoma, leukemia, especially blood cancers, and certain genetic disorders.
Bone Marrow

What is a Bone Marrow Transplant

It is the process of transplant. This treatment is used in the treatment of blood and immune system diseases such as lymphoma, leukemia, especially blood cancers, and certain genetic disorders. There are two main types:

Autogenous Bone Marrow Transplant (Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant): In this situation, the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells are used. A patient's own bone marrow or stem cells, previously taken and frozen, are used to heal cancer cells killed by high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or to make healthy cells function better. In this method, there is no foreign body reaction because the recipient and the donor are the same person.

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant: In this situation, bone marrow or stem cells taken from a donor are used. The recipient and donor must be genetically compatible. This type of transplant is usually performed within the family or by finding a genetically suitable donor. This type of transplant may require a more careful adaptation process and immunosuppression (suppressing the immune system), as it requires tissue matching between the recipient and the donor.

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How is a Bone Marrow Transplant Performed

A bone marrow transplant is a complex process and involves a number of stages. We can summarize the outlines of this process as follows:

Evaluation and Preparation: The patient undergoes a general health check-up to assess whether they are a suitable candidate for a bone marrow transplant. The donor is investigated and if a suitable donor is found, the tissue match between the donor and the recipient is tested. The recipient is prepared for the destruction of bone marrow by applying high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This stage aims to kill cancer cells and cleanse bone marrow cells.

Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Harvesting: In the case of an autogenous (patient's own bone marrow) bone marrow transplant, stem cells are harvested from the patient's bone marrow or peripheral blood. This harvesting process is usually not performed in an operating room, usually peripheral blood stem cells are harvested from the patient's arm using an apheretic plasmapheresis device that takes a day or two. In the case of an allogenic (from an immune-compatible donor) bone marrow transplant, bone marrow or stem cells from the donor are usually harvested by an operation, usually under general anesthesia.

High-Dose Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy: The recipient is given high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to completely eliminate or minimize cancer cells. However, this stage can destroy both cancer cells and healthy bone marrow cells.

Transplant Process: On the day of the transplant, the harvested bone marrow or stem cells are injected into the recipient. The cells transplanted into the recipient begin to regenerate the bone marrow and produce healthy blood cells.

Monitoring and Care: After bone marrow transplant, the patient's condition is regularly monitored and followed up.

Immunosuppression (suppressing the immune system) drugs can be used in allogeneic (from an immune-compatible donor) transplants to prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted cells. Measures are taken to reduce the risk of infection until the patient's immune system is restored. In this process, the patient's overall health status may change depending on the source of bone marrow or stem cells. Every situation requires a special evaluation and treatment plan. A bone marrow transplant can be a treatment method with serious risks and therefore should be carefully managed.

Bone Marrow Transplant at Liv Hospital

Liv Hospital Ankara Bone Marrow (Stem Cell) Transplant Center, which provides services in world-class medical infrastructure and physical conditions, stands out with its medical staff, certified nurses and apheresis technicians with more than 1,000 transplant experience. The Bone Marrow Transplant is a treatment method that has been successfully used in the treatment of cancer and some non-cancerous diseases. Currently, it is successfully applied in the treatment of leukemia (AML, ALL, CML, CLL), Lymphomas (NHL, Hodgkin's), Multiple Myeloma, Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Solid Tumors (Testicular Tumor, Ewing Sarcoma, etc.), Immune deficiencies and some metabolic genetic diseases.

Diseases that are successfully treated with stem cell transplant

  • Leukemias(blood cancers such as AML, ALL, CML)
  • Lymphomas
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Myelodysplastic Syndrome
  • Solid Tumors (Organ cancers such as testicular cancer, Ewing Sarcoma)
  • Immunodeficiencies
  • Some metabolic diseases

    At Liv Hospital Ankara Stem Cell Transplant Center, all kinds of transplants such as autologous (transplant performed from the patient himself) and allogeneic (transplant from a sibling, mother, father, unrelated donor) are performed.

    Allogeneic transplants from fully matched (identical), partially matched (haploidentical) tissue group or unrelated donors aim to treat every patient who is a candidate for these treatments. In unrelated transplants, the most suitable donor is provided as soon as possible by contacting domestic and foreign Bone Marrow Banks. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood are used as a source of stem cells.

    Types of transplants:

    • Autologous (Transfer from the patien himself)
    • Allogeneic (Transfer from siblings, mother, father, unrelated donors)
    • Haploidentical (half-matched; mother, father, brother)
    • Unrelated (Transfer from an unrelated donor)

    Stem cell resources:

    • Bone marrow
    • Peripheral blood
    • Cord bloodBone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

    Center Inpatient Department consists of 12 beds. Living rooms are protected by special ventilation conditions with HEPA filters. BMT Center is technically supported by the Therapeutic Apheresis Center, Stem Cell Freezing and Storage Unit with the most advanced methods.

    High-End Medical Technologies

    The center uses state-of-the-art technology (immunomagnetic cell separation) to harvest CD34+ cells, reduce CD3 and CD19 T and B cells, and separate NK cells according to the characteristics of the transplant. In addition, Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI) and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion treatments as immunological treatments after transplantation are performed at the Center in close coordination and cooperation with LivMedCell Regenerative Medicine Center in GMP standards.

    Stem cell manipulation at the highest level

    • Harvest of CD34(+) cells
    • Reduction of T lymphocytes
    • Reduction of CD3 and CD19 cells
    • Seperation of NK cells
    • Donor Lymphocyte infusion
    • Treatment of GVHD using Mesenchymal Stem Cells