Liver Cancer: What You Need to Know
Liver cancer is a complex and serious condition that demands attention, especially for individuals at risk. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help in early detection and effective management.
What Is Liver Cancer?
Liver cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the liver, forming malignant tumors. It can originate in the liver itself (primary liver cancer) or result from metastasis, where cancer from another part of the body spreads to the liver.
Who Is at Risk?
Approximately 80–90% of liver cancer cases develop in individuals with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B with delta). These long-term conditions can cause liver damage, increasing the risk of cancer. Regular monitoring and liver imaging are crucial for early detection, especially in individuals with these conditions.
Common Symptoms of Liver Cancer
Liver cancer symptoms often appear in later stages, making regular screenings vital for at-risk individuals.
Symptoms include:
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Swelling in the abdomen.
The Importance of Early Detection
Detecting liver cancer in its early stages can improve treatment outcomes significantly. For those without cirrhosis, surgical removal of the tumor is a viable option. However, if cirrhosis is present, a liver transplant may be the only treatment option. Routine liver imaging and blood tests for tumor markers are essential for early detection.
Non-Cancerous Liver Tumors
Not all liver masses are cancerous. The liver can develop benign (non-cancerous) tumors, such as:
- Hemangiomas: The most common benign liver tumors, with no risk of turning cancerous.
- Simple Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that rarely require intervention.
- Cystadenomas: Rare growths that may require treatment due to a risk of becoming cancerous.
What About Liver Cysts?
Most liver cysts are benign and do not pose significant health risks. However, regular monitoring is necessary to identify potential growth or complications. Some cysts, such as hydatid cysts (caused by parasites), may require specific treatments, while others, like cystadenomas, have a higher risk of malignancy and demand careful evaluation.
Treatment Options for Liver Cancer
Treatment plans depend on the stage of cancer and the overall health of the patient. Common approaches include:
- Surgical Resection: Removing the tumor if liver function is preserved.
- Liver Transplantation: Suitable for advanced cases with cirrhosis.
- Ablative Therapies: Techniques like radiofrequency ablation to destroy cancer cells.
- Systemic Treatments: Targeted therapy and immunotherapy for advanced stages.
How to Reduce the Risk of Liver Cancer
Preventive measures can significantly lower the risk of developing liver cancer:
- Vaccinate against Hepatitis B.
- Manage chronic Hepatitis B and C infections with medical care.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Maintain a healthy weight to prevent fatty liver disease.
Final Thoughts
Liver cancer is a challenging disease, but early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save lives. Individuals with chronic liver diseases must prioritize regular check-ups and screenings. Awareness and proactive health management are key to combating liver cancer effectively.
By understanding the risks and taking preventive measures, we can work towards reducing the burden of liver cancer globally.
* Contents of this page is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The content of this page does not include information on medicinal health care at Liv Hospital .
