Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. A long, flexible tube with a camera at the end, called a colonoscope, is inserted through the rectum and advanced through the colon. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to inspect for abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or inflammation. Colonoscopies are often performed to investigate symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. The procedure can also be used for preventive screening, particularly for detecting colon cancer. In addition to diagnosing issues, it can also be therapeutic, such as removing polyps or taking tissue biopsies. Patients typically receive mild sedation during the procedure to ensure comfort. Colonoscopy is considered a key tool in maintaining colon health and preventing colorectal cancer.